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Beilstein Arch. 2025, 202510. https://doi.org/10.3762/bxiv.2025.10.v1
Published 17 Feb 2025
This study explores the efficacy of carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (M-CNCs) derived from Borassus flabellifer fruit husk as a sustainable adsorbent for the removal of nickel ions (Ni²⁺) from aqueous solutions. M-CNCs were synthesized through a multistep process: microcrystalline cellulose extraction, nanocrystal isolation, and nanocrystal carboxylation. The response surface methodology was used to optimize Ni²⁺ adsorption through a systematic evaluation of its influencing parameters. The M-CNCs were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy, which confirmed the successful modification and structural integrity of the nanocrystals. The Ni²⁺ adsorption capacity of the M-CNCs was assessed under varying experimental conditions, including pH, temperature, adsorbent mass, and initial Ni²⁺ concentration. Kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model, suggesting that chemisorption was the rate-limiting step. Notably, the M-CNCs demonstrated a selective affinity for Ni²⁺ ions in a synthetic battery solution, achieving an adsorption yield of approximately 70%. Thus, the M-CNCs possess significant potential for Ni²⁺ recovery from electronic waste and for wastewater treatment applications.
Keywords: carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals; response surface methodology; Borassus flabellifer fruit husk; spent lithium-ion batteries; electronic waste.
When a peer-reviewed version of this preprint is available, this information will be updated in the information box above. If no peer-reviewed version is available, please cite this preprint using the following information:
Pham-Nguyen, K. D.; Nguyen, B. V. P.; Do, Q. V. M.; Tran, Q. N.; Nguyen, H.-Q.; Nguyen, M.-C.; Lee, J.; Truong-Lam, H. S. Beilstein Arch. 2025, 202510. doi:10.3762/bxiv.2025.10.v1
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